You've reached your free article limit

Keep reading the history behind the book.

You've read two articles free. Leave your email and we'll unlock the rest — plus send you the opening chapter of the novel.

You're in. Check your inbox — refresh to keep reading.

One email. Every article, unlocked.

Short Sunderland flying boat
A Short Sunderland of RAF Coastal Command, of the type lost at Eagle's Rock
History & controversy · Eagle's Rock · 25 August 1942

Eagle's Rock: The Sunderland That Flew the Wrong Way

An aircraft filed for Iceland left Loch More and turned almost due south. Twenty minutes later it struck a hillside above the Berriedale Water, killing fourteen of the fifteen men aboard. The official inquiry could not explain why it was flying in the opposite direction from its destination.

At 13:10 on 25 August 1942, Short Sunderland W4026 of 228 Squadron, RAF Coastal Command, lifted off the water at Loch More in Caithness.[1] Its filed flight plan was routine for the squadron: north along the east coast of Scotland, then north-west across the Atlantic to a Royal Air Force station in Iceland. Fifteen men were aboard, eleven of them crew, four of them passengers — among the passengers, Prince George, Duke of Kent, the King's brother, travelling in his capacity as an Air Commodore on an official welfare inspection.

The aircraft did not turn north. Within minutes of take-off it banked south-east, descended to a few hundred feet, and flew at low altitude across open moorland in clear weather. At approximately 13:30 it struck the hillside above the Berriedale Water gorge, at a place since known as Eagle's Rock, and broke apart. Fourteen of the fifteen men aboard died, including the Duke of Kent. The sole survivor, tail gunner Flight Sergeant Andrew Jack, was thrown clear and found some distance from the wreckage, unconscious but alive.[2]

Sunderland W4026 — flight record, 25 August 1942
DepartureLoch More, Caithness, 13:10
Filed destinationIceland, via standard north Coastal Command route
Filed heading from Loch Moreapprox. 330° (north-north-west)
Actual heading at impactapprox. 168° (south, almost reciprocal)
Time to impactapprox. 20 minutes
Crash siteEagle's Rock, above Berriedale Water gorge
Fatalities14 of 15 aboard
Sole survivorFlight Sergeant Andrew Jack, tail gunner

The inquiry into the crash, convened under Air Vice Marshal Sir Philip Babington, sat between 26 August and 12 September 1942.[3] It found the aircraft mechanically sound before departure, the crew experienced, and the weather clear. Its conclusion was navigational error — that the aircraft had, for reasons the inquiry could not establish, descended too early and flown a course inconsistent with its filed plan. The report's own language is notably guarded on the central point: it records that "the cause of the deviation from the planned route cannot be determined on the evidence available."[4] An inquiry convened specifically to determine the cause of a fatal crash, examining a deviation of roughly a hundred and eighty degrees from a filed flight plan in good visibility, concluding that the cause of that deviation could not be determined, is not language that closes a question. It is language that records one.

"The cause of the deviation from the planned route cannot be determined on the evidence available." — Air Ministry inquiry, 1942

Sunderland flying boat on the water
A Sunderland flying boat at rest. W4026's flight plan called for a northern route to Iceland; its actual course took it almost directly south from Loch More.

What is documented stops there: an aircraft, a filed plan, a divergence the inquiry recorded but could not explain, and a survivor sworn to silence for the rest of his working life. The Duke of Kent was the most senior member of the British royal family to die on active service in the modern era, and his death was treated, at the time and for decades afterward, as a tragic accident — clear skies, an experienced crew, and an unexplained error that cost fourteen lives. The file on Sunderland W4026 remains, formally, closed.

From the novel

Cyril counted the seconds between the engine noise and the sound that followed it, the way he had been taught to count anything that mattered. There was no third sound. He had expected one.

He did not move from where he was lying until the noise of the search parties reached him an hour later, and even then he moved only as far as he needed to, and no further.

References & notes
[1]228 Squadron RAF Coastal Command operational record book, August 1942: The National Archives (TNA), AIR 27/1461. Departure time and crew complement per the squadron log.
[2]Accident record for Sunderland W4026: TNA AIR 29/575. Andrew Jack's survival and rescue are documented in the same file and in subsequent press accounts following his decision to speak publicly in the late 1970s.
[3]Babington inquiry proceedings and findings: TNA AIR 29/575.
[4]Quoted language from the Babington inquiry's final report, TNA AIR 29/575. The finding of "probable navigational error" has been challenged by several subsequent investigators, including John Harris and M.J. Trow, Hess: The British Conspiracy (André Deutsch, 1999), ch. 14.
[5]Andrew Jack's exclusion from the inquiry and his subsequent decades of silence are recorded in Harris and Trow, Hess: The British Conspiracy, ch. 14, drawing on Jack's own later public statements and correspondence with Princess Marina's household.
More on the Duke of Kent → Next: Badminton House, 1940 →